The scarab beetle is one of the most intriguing symbols in ancient Egypt, taking on a sacred status that was linked to the eternal cycle of rebirth and the sun. It’s no wonder that the ancient Egyptians chose this bug as a symbol for a multitude of reasons – the beetle is known for its positive qualities such as its tenacity, durability, and perseverance. What’s fascinating is how this insect’s symbolism has transcended time and has influenced art, jewelry, and even tattoos today.
For the ancient Egyptians, the scarab beetle was associated with the concept of renewal and restoration. The bug was said to symbolize the rising sun, which represented new life and beginnings. It was also believed that the scarab beetle had the ability to roll a ball of dung, much like how the sun was said to move across the sky. This association made the beetle a symbol of transformation, and it was believed that if someone wore a scarab beetle amulet, it would protect them from harm and bring good fortune.
To fully grasp the importance of the scarab beetle to the ancient Egyptians, it’s essential to understand that their society was heavily focused on the concept of death and the afterlife. It was believed that the soul lived on after death and that it was the duty of the living to prepare for the afterlife by creating a secure resting place for the soul. The scarab beetle played a significant role in this aspect – the beetle’s ability to move the dung ball across the ground symbolized the movement of the sun across the sky, which ultimately represented the journey of the soul. The scarab beetle’s symbolism is intricate and multifaceted, and it’s no wonder that it continues to fascinate people even after thousands of years.
Importance of the Scarab Beetle in Ancient Egypt
In ancient Egypt, the scarab beetle was one of the most significant symbols that held great importance in both religious and practical aspects of life. The scarab beetle, also known as Khepri, was associated with the sun, creation, and the afterlife. The symbol of the scarab beetle represented regeneration, transformation, and the eternal cycle of life. The Egyptians believed that the scarab beetle held magical powers and was a source of protection.
The Symbolism of the Scarab Beetle
- The scarab beetle was associated with the sun and was considered a symbol of creation and rebirth. Egyptians believed that the beetle rolled the sun across the sky each day, just as it rolled its dung balls.
- The scarab beetle was also associated with the god Khepri, who was considered the god of rebirth and resurrection. The Egyptians believed that Khepri brought the sun to life each morning and renewed it with each new day.
- The symbol of the scarab beetle represented life, death, and rebirth. It was believed that the beetle laid its eggs inside the ball of dung, and when the eggs hatched, new beetles emerged. This process was seen as a metaphor for the cycle of life, death, and rebirth.
The Use of Scarab Beetle in Art and Jewelry
The scarab beetle was a popular symbol in ancient Egyptian art and jewelry. It was common to find scarabs carved from stone or made of faience, a type of ceramic material used in ancient Egypt. Scarabs were often included in talismans and amulets, which were worn to protect the wearer from harm or to bring good luck. The scarab was also used in seals and as a signet ring.
The Role of Scarab Beetle in Afterlife
The scarab beetle played a crucial role in the afterlife beliefs of the ancient Egyptians. The heart of the deceased was believed to be weighed against the feather of truth by the god Anubis, and if the heart was found to be free of sin, the person would be allowed to enter the afterlife. The heart was often placed inside a scarab-shaped amulet known as the Heart Scarab. This amulet was thought to protect the heart during the journey through the underworld to the afterlife.
| Symbolism of the Scarab Beetle | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Khepri | God of creation and rebirth |
| Rebirth and regeneration | Renewal and starting anew |
| Cycle of life, death, and rebirth | Symbolism for the eternal life cycle |
The scarab beetle holds immense significance in ancient Egyptian culture, and its symbolism continues to fascinate people worldwide today. From representing the sun to the cycle of life, death, and rebirth, this small creature has played a pivotal role in shaping the beliefs and traditions of one of the world’s oldest civilizations.
Religious Significance of the Scarab Beetle
The scarab beetle, also known as the dung beetle, was one of the most important symbols in ancient Egyptian religion. It had a significant role in their mythology, art, and daily life. The scarab beetle was seen as a representation of the sun god, Khepri, who was believed to roll the sun across the sky every day. The beetle’s habit of rolling dung balls containing its eggs was thought to symbolize the sun’s journey through the sky.
- The scarab beetle was also associated with the god of resurrection, Osiris. It was believed that the beetle would roll its dung ball in the same way that Osiris was rolled into his tomb. This led to the beetle being seen as a symbol of rebirth and regeneration.
- Another association with the scarab beetle was the concept of transformation and renewal. Egyptians believed that the scarab beetle would move across the ground in a straight line, which represented the path of the sun. This was seen as a metaphor for the journey of the soul after death, as it transformed and renewed itself in the afterlife.
- The scarab beetle was also seen as a symbol of protection. Amulets in the shape of the beetle were worn by both the living and the dead to ward off evil spirits. They were also placed in tombs and on mummies to ensure safe passage into the afterlife.
The importance of the scarab beetle in ancient Egyptian religion can be seen in the significant amount of artifacts that have been found featuring its image. From small amulets to large sculptures, the scarab beetle was a pervasive symbol that represented many beliefs and concepts.
One interesting fact about the scarab beetle is that it was not just a religious symbol. In ancient Egypt, the beetle was also recognized for its role in agriculture. The dung balls that the beetles created were used as a source of fertilizer for crops, which contributed to the growth of their agricultural society.
| Symbolism | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Sun | Represents the sun god, Khepri, who was believed to roll the sun across the sky every day |
| Resurrection | Associated with the god of resurrection, Osiris, and seen as a symbol of rebirth and regeneration |
| Transformation | Believed to represent the journey of the soul after death, as it transformed and renewed itself in the afterlife |
| Protection | Used by both the living and the dead as amulets to ward off evil spirits and ensure safe passage into the afterlife |
The significance and symbolism of the scarab beetle in ancient Egyptian religion highlights the importance of the natural world in their culture and beliefs. It is a fascinating symbol that represents different concepts and ideals, from resurrection and transformation to protection and agriculture.
The Role of the Scarab Beetle in Egyptian Mythology
The scarab beetle was an important symbol in ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, representing the concept of rebirth and the cycle of life and death. The beetle’s association with rebirth and renewal was due to its unique behavior of laying its eggs in balls of dung, which could be seen as a reflection of the cycle of life and death, as well as the sun rising and setting each day.
- Scarab Amulets: The scarab beetle was a popular amulet in ancient Egypt, often incorporated into jewelry and other decorative items. The amulet was believed to have protective and regenerative powers, and was often inscribed with spells or symbols to enhance its magical properties.
- Symbol of the Sun God: In some stories, the scarab beetle was associated with the ancient Egyptian sun god, Khepri. Khepri was depicted as a scarab beetle rolling the sun across the sky, symbolizing the daily journey of the sun and its cyclical nature.
- Funerary Symbol: The scarab beetle was also used as a funerary symbol in ancient Egypt, particularly in the Book of the Dead. The beetle represented the deceased’s journey through the afterlife and their eventual rebirth, and was often placed on or near the heart of the mummified body.
Additionally, the scarab beetle was often depicted as a symbol of transformation and renewal, particularly in relation to the god Atum who was said to have rolled the sun into the sky like a dung beetle rolling a ball of dung.
The iconic image of the scarab beetle has continued to be a popular symbol throughout history, representing ideas of rebirth, renewal, and regeneration in various cultures and religions.
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Rolling ball of dung | Representation of the cycle of life and death |
| Khepri | Associated with the daily journey of the sun and its cyclical nature |
| Funerary amulet | Represents the deceased’s journey through the afterlife and eventual rebirth |
Overall, the scarab beetle symbolized the idea of rebirth and the cyclical nature of life and death in ancient Egyptian mythology, and its image continues to be a popular symbol today.
Scarab Beetles in Ancient Egyptian Burial Practices
Scarab beetles played a significant role in the ancient Egyptian burial practices. These insects were believed to symbolize rebirth, renewal, and resurrection. Egyptians believed that the scarab beetle had the power to roll the sun across the sky, just as a dung beetle would roll its ball of dung. They also associated the scarab beetle with the god Khepri, who represented the rising sun and the cycle of life.
The Symbolism of Scarab Beetles in Ancient Egyptian Burial Practices
- The scarab beetle symbolized resurrection and rebirth, providing assurance to the ancient Egyptians that the soul will return to life after death.
- Scarab amulets were placed inside the mummy wrappings to protect the dead and guide them through the afterlife.
- The wings of the scarab beetle were seen as a representation of the heavens, providing a bridge between earth and the afterlife.
The Use of Scarab Beetles in Ancient Egyptian Art and Architecture
Ancient Egyptian art and architecture prominently featured the scarab beetle. Scarabs were carved into amulets, jewelry, and seals. These scarabs were often inscribed with magical spells and symbols to provide the wearer with protection, good luck, and guidance.
Scarabs were also depicted on tomb walls and in temple reliefs. The ancient Egyptians believed that the scarab beetle would accompany the dead on their journey to the afterlife and assist them in their rebirth.
The Process of Making Scarab Beetles in Ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptians practiced the art of scarab-making, which involved creating small amulets out of green stone, clay, or faience. The beetle was created by molding the material into a small oblong shape with a flat underside. The artist would create the beetle’s head, thorax, and wings by using a stylus to define each body part. Once the beetle was complete, it was often inscribed with hieroglyphs or magical spells to provide additional protection to the wearer.
| Material | Color | Symbolism |
|---|---|---|
| Green Stone | Green | Rejuvenation and resurrection |
| Clay | Red, brown or black | Funerary amulet and protection |
| Faience | Vibrant blues, greens or yellows | Rebirth, regeneration and healing |
The scarab beetles created through this process were considered powerful amulets that could offer protection, good fortune, and guidance to the wearer. Egyptians believed that the scarab beetle had strong protective power and that its presence would bring them eternal life.
Scarab Beetle Amulets and Their Significance
The ancient Egyptians considered the scarab beetle as a sacred symbol and believed that it had magical and protective properties. They saw the beetle as a symbol of regeneration, transformation, and resurrection. The scarab beetle symbolized the sun god, Khepri, who was believed to roll the sun across the sky each day.
The Egyptians created scarab beetle amulets, which were small sculptures in the shape of the beetle, made from various materials such as stone, faience (a glass-like material), and precious metals. These amulets were believed to have protective properties and were commonly placed on the mummified body of the deceased to ensure their safe journey into the afterlife.
- The color of the scarab beetle had significance as well. The blue-green hue represented regeneration, while the black beetle was symbolic of the god, Khepri, who was responsible for the sunrise. The Golden Scarab was said to symbolize the Sun God, Ra. These colors were carefully chosen for the different amulet inscriptions, which were supposed to convey messages of good fortune and protection.
- The amulets were also inscribed with hieroglyphics to convey a message, and carved with the name of the person they were intended for, strengthening the amulet’s power over the individual.
- In addition to their protective qualities, scarab beetle amulets were also exchanged as gifts as they were thought to bring good luck to the bearer. The amulets were made into a variety of items, such as rings, pendants, bracelets, and even used in architecture and decorative arts.
The scarab beetle amulets held so much significance in Egyptian culture that even their rulers wore them as a sign of their connection to the Divine. The famous pharaoh Tutankhamun was buried with several scarab beetles within his tomb.
The use of scarab beetle amulets continued beyond the pharaonic era, with their symbolism extending to other cultures within the broader Arab region and Europe. The popularity of these ancient amulets, which were powerful symbols of protection and regeneration, remains today among collectors and enthusiasts.
Conclusion
The significance of the scarab beetle in ancient Egypt goes beyond a simple insect. This small creature with its unique habits and transformational life cycle had become a powerful symbol of renewal, protection, and immortality. The scarab beetle amulets served as powerful tools for conveying messages of good fortune and protection, and their popularity persisted well beyond the pharaonic era.
| Symbolism of Scarab Beetle Colors: | Scarab Beetle Mythology: |
|---|---|
| Blue-Green for regeneration, Black for the god Khepri, Golden for the Sun God Ra | Believed to be a symbol of Regeneration, Transformation, and Resurrection. |
How Scarab Beetles were Used for Decorative Purposes
In ancient Egypt, the scarab beetle was often used for decorative purposes and was a popular design element in jewelry, amulets, and other artifacts. Here are some ways in which the scarab beetle was used for decorative purposes:
- Symbols of Renewal and Rebirth: Scarab beetles were seen as symbols of renewal and rebirth. They were often used as decorative elements in funerary contexts, such as tomb paintings and sarcophagi, to reinforce the idea of the deceased being reborn in the afterlife.
- Protective Talismans: Scarab beetles were also popular as protective talismans. Small scarab amulets were worn by both the living and the dead to provide spiritual protection against harm and evil forces.
- Personal Ornaments: Scarab beetles were used as personal ornaments in the form of jewelry. Scarab rings, bracelets, necklaces, and earrings were all popular in ancient Egypt. These pieces would often be inscribed with personal names, messages, or religious symbols.
Scarab beetles were also depicted in various materials such as gold, silver, stone, faience, and glass. They were often included in larger composite scenes, such as depictions of gods or pharaohs, to provide a visual contrast and to reinforce their symbolic associations. The table below shows some examples of scarab beetle artifacts found in ancient Egypt:
| Artifact | Description |
|---|---|
| Amulet | A small, green-glazed faience amulet in the shape of a scarab beetle. Inscribed with hieroglyphs and worn for good luck and protection. |
| Ring | A gold ring featuring a scarab beetle motif. The beetle is depicted with intricate details and is surrounded by hieroglyphs. Worn as a symbolic personal ornament. |
| Necklace | A necklace made of beads and featuring a central gold pendant in the shape of a scarab beetle. The pendant is inscribed with magical spells and is thought to provide spiritual protection to the wearer. |
The decorative use of scarab beetles in ancient Egypt was an important aspect of their culture and religion. It is a testament to the enduring symbolic power of these insects and their ability to inspire wonder and reverence in those who encountered them.
The Symbolism of Scarabs in Egyptian Art
The scarab beetle, also known as Khepri in ancient Egypt, was a symbol of great significance in Egyptian society. Revered for its ability to transform from a lowly creature into a majestic insect, the scarab became a symbol of rebirth, resurrection and the circle of life.
The Number 7
The number 7 held great significance in ancient Egypt and was often associated with the scarab beetle. In Egyptian mythology, the sun god Ra traveled through the underworld on a boat for 12 hours each night. During the 7th hour, the scarab beetle would take over the journey and transport Ra through the underworld until the sun rose again.
- The Egyptians believed that the scarab beetle had magical powers and was capable of bringing good luck and protection to those who wore scarab amulets.
- Scarabs were also commonly used as seals, and their image was often stamped onto documents to ensure their authenticity.
- Furthermore, the seven-day cycle of the scarab’s transformation from a lowly creature to a majestic insect was thought to mirror the seven stages of creation in Egyptian mythology.
The number 7 was also associated with the goddess Isis, who was often depicted holding a papyrus scepter with 7 pointed leaves. The number 7 was believed to represent the 7 stages of development in the afterlife, with the scarab playing a crucial role in guiding the soul through each stage.
Overall, the number 7 was a sacred number in ancient Egypt and was often linked to the scarab beetle’s transformative powers. This connection between the scarab and the number 7 highlights the deep spiritual significance that was placed on the beetle in ancient Egyptian culture.
The Symbolism of Scarabs in Egyptian Art
The scarab beetle’s symbolism was also reflected in Egyptian art. Many pieces of art from ancient Egypt feature the scarab beetle prominently, often depicting the insect with its wings outstretched and its hind legs stretched back.
One of the most famous examples of scarab art from ancient Egypt is the Scarab of Amenhotep III. This scarab is made of solidified blue-green faience and is inscribed with a hymn in honor of the sun god, Ra.
| Symbolism | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Scarab | Symbol of rebirth and resurrection |
| Wings | Symbol of protection and divinity |
| Sun disk | Symbol of eternal life and the afterlife |
| Hieroglyphs | Text that tells the story of Amenhotep III’s reign and his devotion to the sun god, Ra |
The Scarab of Amenhotep III is a prime example of the use of scarabs in Egyptian art. The intricate details and symbolism of the piece show the scarab’s importance in Egyptian culture and mythology.
The Different Types of Scarab Beetles Found in Ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptians had a great fascination with beetles, particularly the scarab beetle. Known as kheperer in ancient Egyptian, this beetle was revered due to its ability to lay eggs and produce young without being fertilized by a male counterpart. As a result, it became a symbol of creation and rebirth and was often associated with the sun god, Khepri.
There were different types of scarab beetles found in ancient Egypt, each with its own symbolic significance. These include:
- The Common Scarab: This scarab beetle was the most popular and was often used in amulets and jewelry. It represented the cycle of life and was believed to bring good luck and fortune to its wearer.
- The Gilded Scarab: This type of scarab beetle was made from gold and was often placed in tombs as a symbol of resurrection and eternal life.
- The Heart Scarab: This scarab beetle was often placed on the chest of the deceased during mummification. It was believed to be a guide for the heart of the deceased during the journey to the afterlife.
The scarab beetle was also associated with the number 8 in ancient Egypt. This is because the beetle lays its eggs in a ball of dung, which it then rolls around until it hatches. The circular motion of the rolling beetle created the image of the number 8, which the ancient Egyptians believed symbolized infinity and eternal life.
As a result of its importance in Egyptian culture, the scarab beetle was often depicted in art and architecture. You can still see the image of the scarab beetle carved into tombs, temples and other structures throughout Egypt today.
The Symbolism of the Scarab Beetle
The scarab beetle represented many things to the ancient Egyptians, including renewal, transformation, and protection. It was also believed to be a symbol of the sun, as the beetle is most active during the day and can be seen rolling its ball of dung in the hot Egyptian sun.
The symbolism of the scarab beetle was most evident in the funerary practices of ancient Egypt. The beetle was often placed in tombs as a symbol of resurrection and new life after death. It was believed that the beetle would help guide the deceased through their journey to the afterlife and ensure that they were reborn into a new and better life.
| Symbolism of Scarab Beetle | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Renewal | The scarab beetle represented the cycle of life and rebirth. |
| Transformation | The beetle was seen as a symbol of transformation and personal growth. |
| Protection | It was believed that the scarab beetle protected against evil spirits and bad luck. |
| The Sun | As the beetle is most active during the day, it was associated with the sun god, Khepri. |
The scarab beetle continues to be a popular symbol in modern times, particularly in jewelry and art. Its significance in ancient Egyptian culture has ensured that it remains an enduring symbol of renewal and resurrection.
Scarab Beetle Worship in Ancient Egyptian Society
The scarab beetle was one of the most significant symbols in ancient Egyptian religion and was often associated with the sun god Ra and his journey across the sky. The beetle’s habit of rolling a ball of dung and laying its eggs inside it was seen as a parallel to the sun’s yearly journey across the sky, as it seemed to disappear and then be reborn each day. As such, the scarab became a symbol of rebirth, renewal, and regeneration, and was considered by many to be a sacred insect.
- Scarab Amulets: Due to the scarab’s association with rebirth and regeneration, many Egyptians wore scarab amulets around their necks to help guide them through their own journey towards a better afterlife. These amulets were often carved from precious stones or metals and featured inscriptions or hieroglyphs designed to invoke the power of the scarab to help guide the wearer towards eternal life.
- Scarab Worship: The scarab was also worshipped as a god in its own right, with temples and cults dedicated to its adoration. The most famous of these was the Scarabaeus sacer cult, which was centered around the Ptolemaic-era temple of Khepri at Memphis. The cult was thought to have been active for thousands of years and was dedicated to the worship of the scarab god Khepri, who was said to have created the world each morning by pushing the sun across the sky.
- Scarab Art: The scarab beetle was a popular subject for art in ancient Egyptian society, with many examples of scarab-shaped amulets, jewelry, and other decorative objects surviving to this day. Scarab motifs were also used extensively in tomb paintings and architectural details, and were often included as part of larger scenes or hieroglyphic texts.
The Importance of the Number Nine
In ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, the number nine was considered to be a highly significant and mystical number. It was associated with the concept of completeness, both in terms of cosmic order and in terms of human life, as the ancient Egyptians believed that the human body contained nine major organs.
The number nine was also closely associated with the scarab beetle, as the insect was said to have a nine-day gestation period for its eggs and hatchlings. This led to the belief that the scarab was a symbol of creation, and that it had the power to create new life and bring about renewal and regeneration.
| Symbolism of the Number Nine in Ancient Egyptian Religion and Mythology | Examples |
|---|---|
| Completeness | The ennead, a group of nine gods who were worshipped in Heliopolis |
| Regeneration and Renewal | The nine-day gestation period of the scarab beetle |
| Human Anatomy | The nine major organs of the human body |
As such, the scarab beetle became closely linked with the concept of the number nine, and was often used as a symbol of the power of creation and regeneration. This is reflected in many of the amulets, artworks, and other objects that survive from ancient Egypt, which feature depictions of scarabs alongside the number nine.
The Influence of Scarab Beetles on Modern Egyptian Culture
Scarab beetles are one of the most well-known symbols in ancient Egyptian culture, representing renewal, rebirth, and life after death. Today, the scarab beetle continues to hold a powerful influence on modern Egyptian culture, manifesting itself in various forms throughout the country’s art, architecture, and daily life.
The Number 10
The scarab beetle symbolizes the number 10 in ancient Egyptian numerology, which represents perfection, completion, and the end of a cycle. This number is significant in various aspects of Egyptian culture, including the fact that it typically took 10 days to mummify a body, as well as the 10 gods and goddesses of the Ennead, the group of deities worshipped in the ancient city of Heliopolis.
- There were also 10 plagues of Egypt, which led to the Exodus of the Jewish people from Egypt.
- The Pyramids of Giza, one of Egypt’s most famous landmarks, are comprised of 10 main structures.
- Additionally, the ancient Egyptians believed in 10 stages of life, with each stage symbolized by a different deity.
Art and Architecture
The scarab beetle can be found in various forms of Egyptian art and architecture, from hieroglyphics and wall paintings to pottery and jewelry. The beetle was often depicted with wings outstretched, as if in flight, and was seen as a symbol of the rising sun and the cycle of renewal that comes with each new day.
The Egyptians also used scarab amulets in their jewelry, with the belief that wearing such an amulet would bring good luck, protection, and eternal life. Scarab carvings were also placed in tombs, as they were believed to grant the deceased safe passage into the afterlife.
Egyptian Daily Life
The scarab beetle’s influence can be seen in the day-to-day life of modern Egyptians as well. It is common to find images of the beetle on items such as postcards, t-shirts, and other souvenirs sold to tourists. The Egyptian currency even features a stylized scarab beetle on one side of its coins.
| Symbolism | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Scarab Beetle | Renewal, rebirth, life after death |
| Number 10 | Perfection, completion, end of a cycle |
| Wings outstretched | Symbol of rising sun and cycle of renewal |
| Scarab amulets in jewelry | Good luck, protection, eternal life |
| Scarab carvings in tombs | Safe passage into the afterlife |
Overall, the scarab beetle’s lasting influence on modern Egyptian culture serves as a testament to the ancient Egyptians’ belief in the cycle of life and the importance of renewal and rebirth.
What does the scarab beetle symbolize in ancient Egypt?
Q: What is the scarab beetle?
A: The scarab beetle is an insect that was highly revered in ancient Egypt. It was depicted in various forms of art, including pottery, jewelry, and hieroglyphs.
Q: What does the scarab beetle represent in ancient Egypt?
A: The scarab beetle represents the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. The ancient Egyptians believed that when the scarab beetle rolled its dung ball, it symbolized the sun moving across the sky.
Q: Was the scarab beetle associated with any particular god or goddess?
A: Yes, the scarab beetle was associated with the god Khepri, who was believed to roll the sun across the sky each day. Khepri was often depicted as a scarab beetle or with a scarab beetle’s head.
Q: Did the ancient Egyptians use scarab beetles in religious rituals?
A: Yes, scarab beetles were often used in religious rituals. They were sometimes included in amulets or other forms of jewelry, and it was believed that wearing them would bring good luck and protect the wearer from harm.
Q: Are scarab beetles still considered to be symbols of good luck today?
A: Yes, in some cultures the scarab beetle is still seen as a symbol of good luck or protection. It is sometimes used in jewelry or other decorative items.
Q: Were scarab beetles ever mummified in ancient Egypt?
A: Yes, scarab beetles were sometimes mummified in ancient Egypt. They were typically placed in the tombs of important people or in amulet boxes.
Q: Why do scarab beetles sometimes appear in modern Egyptian-themed artwork?
A: Scarab beetles are still associated with ancient Egypt and are often used as a decorative element in modern artwork, jewelry, and other cultural products.
Closing Thoughts
Thanks for taking the time to learn about the symbolism of the scarab beetle in ancient Egypt. We hope you found this article informative and interesting. Be sure to check back later for more articles about the fascinating world of ancient history.